What are the forces acting on well foundations ?

There are two types of forces acting on the well foundation 

1. Vertical load

2. Horizontal load

 a ) Vertical Loads

1. Self-weight of the well
2. Buoyancy 
3. Dead load of the structure and superstructure 
4. Live load 
5. Kentledge load during sinking operations.

(b) HorizontalForces: 

1. Braking and tractive effort of moving vehicles. 
2. Forces on account of the resistance of bearings. 
3. Forces on account of water current or waves. 
4. Centrifugal force, if the bridge is situated on a curve. 
5. Wind forces or seismic forces. vi) Earth pressure. 
6. Other horizontal and uplift forces due to the provision of transmission line tower (broken wire condition) etc.